We do not have nanobots yet to repair our arteries and neurons. This will come, but we might have to wait to 2050 or later. We do have stem cells, the next best thing, and they are commonly used to fight cancer and improve your skin… but it will be a long time before they can used generally to improve your health.
Still. We are in 2015 and we have cool technology and expertise. What can we use to improve our health?
- (As of 2023, I know longer agree with this point. I think I was mislead by the Blue zone.) The current nutrition fads favour low-card high-protein diets (Paleo, Atkins). These almost surely shorten your lives. Yes, eating lots of protein will help you stay lean and might even improve your short-term health. Yet, if you look at what centenarians eat, a pattern emerge: they eat very little meat. It looks like eating lots of protein, especially from iron-rich sources like red meat, accelerates aging.Proteins in high doses are harmful in many ways. For example, they seem to lower amino acids (like cysteine) that are involved in your body’s anti-oxidants. They also tend to come with lots of iron. Too much iron is really bad for you. Proteins from calcium-rich sources such as milk or yogourt are probably less damaging on the long run because they provide calcium which reduces iron absorption. Proteins from legumes and beans are also better because they are not good sources of iron.
Though I do not believe that it is necessarily helpful to avoid meat (most centenarians are not vegetarians), I eat only moderate amounts of meat. Meat tends to be inflammatory, rich in iron, rich in protein and so on. It is not bad in small quantities, but I think North Americans eat way too much meat.
The common recommendation that you should avoid saturated fats and load up on unsaturated fats is probably way too simplistic. Nuts are rich in saturated fats, but good for you. I eat nuts every day and I believe it is helpful.
You need a healthy dose of Omega-3 which you can get from sardines, salmon, kale and cod. Canned salmon with bones is a good source of calcium, so it is a good way to get proteins without loading up on iron.
Tea, cocoa and coffee, especially when they do not interfere with sleep, appear to be good for you. I try to drink at least 5 cups of either of them each day, much of it caffeine free.
You want to avoid insuline spikes and keep your microbiome healthy. So avoid added sugar and fiber-poor starchy foods (like potatoes). Most fruits and vegetables are fine, so you can load up on them. I especially like brocoli, kale, red onions and tomatoes. To be on the safe side, I eat fruits with moderation. Rice and pasta are probably fine in moderation, but if you take them with fibers (hint: vegetables), you will lower your insuline spikes. Re-heated rice, after it has been refrigerated, is probably healthier since it takes longer for you to digest it.
I try to eat sugar-free yogourt every day. I make my own. I believe that it has greatly reduced my allergies. For much of my life, starting from what I was a kid, I had been a chronic allergy sufferer. I believe that I fixed my problem with sugar-free yogourt.
I see no evidence that organic or GMO-free food is better for you.
Many people are into fasting. It appears to be good for you because it promotes autophagy. Basically, it forces your body to clean the house to grab nutrients. I do not fast because it is socially awkward and unproven in human beings. People who fast aggressively look worse to me. Moreover, as far as I can tell, few of the centenarians are into fasting. I suspect that the benefits of fasting can be had by limiting your protein intake. Moreover, you can get some benefits, I suspect, by overnight fasting: all you need is to strictly limit your caloric and protein intake after supper and before breakfast.
- Sleep appears to be very important. It would seem that sleep deprivation weakens your immune system. The net result of poor sleep might be cancer or Alzheimer’s. Lack of sleep also lowers your IQ and makes you vulnerable to depression.
- Keeping your ideal weight (a BMI of 21 or 22) appears to be important. I spent much of my life being 10 to 20 pounds heavier than I should. I recently fixed this problem by… eating smaller meals. Easier said than done, I know… I also used technology to help a bit: the Wii balance board computes and plot my weight automatically. In my case, having daily feedback regarding my weight helps me keep the fat off.
- Moderate exercise seems to be about the very best thing you can do for your health. When they compared twins, one of which was sedentary, they found that the active twin was much healthier. There is a lot of debate as to what type of exercise is best… some people prefer lifting weights, others prefer running…For men, it appears that lifting weights is a good idea because it increases naturally your testosterone levels. It does not follow that having huge muscles is necessarily your best objective however. There seems to be no evidence that body builders are healthier than golfers.
I try to spend my days standing up. Ideally, I only sit two hours a day or less. I suspect that in 20 years, we will look back at office workers sitting all day the same way as we look at people who smoke today: don’t they know this is killing them?
One especially important aspect of exercise is that it preserves your balance. Dangerous accidents happen when you lose your balance. It is amazing how fast your balance goes to hell if you are sedentary.
Is exercise important if you never have to do strenuous tasks and maintain a good weight? Yes. Exercise improves cognition. So if you are an intellectual, you need to be working out. Also exercise appears to significantly reduce your risks of several age-related diseases such as osteoporosis. It seems to keep your sex drive alive.
- Near where I live, there are a few stores that sell supplements. As a geek, I find much appeal in the idea that you could “self-medicate” by assembling a bunch of pills. Futurists like Kurzweil like that very much.Sadly, taking supplements is not only likely to be a waste of money, it is also likely to be shortening your life. Remember the craze around taking anti-oxidants? Yes, your body suffers from oxidation, especially when you are “old” (after 25). A common sign of chronic oxidation is white hair. Your hair is being “oxidized” and turns white as a result. But notice how taking anti-oxidants does not reverse white hair? In fact, supplementing with anti-oxidants (in general) is almost surely harmful. However, eating food naturally containing anti-oxidants (e.g., brocoli) is probably good for you.
Mineral supplements, like calcium, seem like a good idea. You would think that your body would use the minerals it needs and leave the rest. Sadly, it does not appear to work in this manner. It looks like many mineral supplements increase your risks of having cancer, even if the presence of these minerals in your regular food is not cancer causing.
Some very specific supplements might be helpful however. I personally take a small amount of vitamin D every day. Taken in the morning, vitamin D significantly improves my sleep. There does not seem to be any evidence that, in moderation, vitamin D is harmful. (Megadoses are definitively harmful.)
When working out, I take some creatine. Creatine is known to improve muscle mass and it “might” help your brain. As far as I can tell, it is entirely safe otherwise. I only take small quantities, and not every day.
I also take small doses of aspirin daily. These have the potential to be harmful in many ways, and may cause haemorrhages… but aspirin lowers your risk of certain cancers and protects your heart. I figure that I would rather die from an haemorrhage than cancer or heart attack.
- Some exposure to the sun appears useful but it causes skin damages that we do not yet know how to reverse. It is probably wise to wear sun glasses and a hat to protect your eyes, but you do want to go outside regularly. Nature walks appear to be especially beneficial.
There are a few things that are coming that should help us a great deal:
- Health monitoring is crude today, outside critical care. I can measure my blood pressure and my heart rate from time to time… but that is unlikely to be very helpful.Thankfully, bracelets that can keep track of your sleep and heart rate are already available. Clearly, that is only the beginning. We are going to see more and more devices that track our health simply because the financial incentives are there and the technology is ready.
The possibilities are endless. Devices could monitor skin condition, muscle tone, inflammation, hair color, scent, hormone levels… Though some of these measures are intrusive, we can find ways to make them part of our daily lives without making a mess.
The holy grail would be devices that can diagnose cancer or heart conditions in the very early stages and monitor progression continuously.
Given enough data, smart software could provide useful actionable advice. For example, you could be advised as to what you should not eat in the next few days.
- Soon we will all get our genome and microbiome sequenced. With a detailed analysis, you will be able to predict how you might react to a medication, or how likely your to suffer from some diseases. It won’t be perfect, but it might increase your odds.
- Current medical research is typically based on dozens of patients at a time. Hundreds at most. A few studies follow thousands of people, but they are rare. In the future, we will be able to monitor and follow thousands if not millions of people with the same condition along with complete genome and microbiome information. And we will not just get weekly blood tests or such silliness. I mean that we will be able to follow people hour-by-hour, minute-by-minute.(Privacy is an issue, but better health trumps privacy any day. Ask people who suffer from a deadly disease.)
Human beings are only going to get collectively healthier if we embrace science and technology.
Further reading: Stop the clock by Mangan.
Warning: This blog post is an opinion piece, not medical advice. Please consult a medical professional before making any change to your life. I am not a medical professional. If you follow any of my advice, you may die. Do not trust random people from the Internet with your health!
> “There does not seem to be any evidence that, in moderation, vitamin D is safe.”
I think you mean “doesn’t”?
@Brett
Right. Point being that small regular doses on vitamin D have not been linked with anything bad.
Taking lots of vitamin D is a problem however… so one should use it with moderation.
Superb post. I just saw a documentary yesterday where they discussed the third brain, ie. the one in the bowels. As it happens there are a huge amount of nerves there (as much as in a dog’s brain). Even more interesting the “bowel brain” has influence on subconsciousness. Saying that you have a gut feeling about something makes so much more sense now.
Also the concept of enterotypes is fascinating. It was shown that by altering gut fauna of mice you could turn a sedentary one to aggressive and vice versa. It would not surprise me if there was a connection between various diseases and gut fauna as well. What if you could “patch” it to help with certain diseases?
It seems to me there’s still a lot to know about biology and the way people actually work.
@Juho
My experience with allergies has been very impacting. I suffered for decades from very severe allergies… some days I could not work. I had to take common medications that have undesirable immediate side-effects. Doctors, including specialists, could not find or propose anything.
Then I started regularly taking sugar-free yogourt and after a few weeks… my allergies, the same allergies I suffered all my life, were mostly gone. Most telling is that after several years, they have not come back.
I sometimes have minor allergies, but I take it as a reminder to take yogourt.
(Note that taking yogourt only occasionally won’t do it for me. I have to be consistent.)
It seems entirely evident, in retrospect, that my allergies were related to my biome.
(I am not claiming that yogourt will cure everyone from allergies, of course.)
Could you please include some citations of studies supporting your conclusions?
@Sagar
No. I will not.
This blog post is an opinion piece. Take it as such. It is “someone’s opinion”.
Interesting. I note that there is some research suggesting that rice that has been fried in oil before being steamed causes less weight gain – because the body takes longer in digesting it, and the oil “locks in” some of the carbs taht would normally go to storage.
That makes Risotto, Pelau and Jambalaya not as fattening as was previously thought – which is good because I love them.
In general I would add “less processed” starches – brown rice, whole flour etc. would also be good adjustments to make.
@Dominic
In general I would add “less processed†starches – brown rice, whole flour etc. would also be good adjustments to make.
I would think so, as far as keeping your weight under control.
However, not all processing is bad for you in every way. For example, there are indications that whole floor and whole rice might have higher toxicity… You get more of the pesticides…
I certainly prefer whole flour and whole rice, but it is not at all obvious that you will live longer if you eat whole flour and whole rice. Might be a wash.
”However, not all processing is bad for you in every way. For example, there are indications that whole floor and whole rice might have higher toxicity… You get more of the pesticides…”
True…I agree not all processing is bad. Whole rice also has more arsenic in it as most of the arsenic is found in the outer layers of a rice grain.
True about the pesticides – which would indicate that in that category, organic would have benefits.
@Dominic
Organic food is also grown with pesticides. Sometimes much more toxic pesticides.
That makes no sense. I thought the whole point of organic was to not include pesticides or herbicides?
Further research indicates to me that it is against the rules to deploy pesticides on organic crops.
I get that there are rules broken, and that sometimes unintentional use, but overall, I would expect that pesticide use would be lower. The only worrying concern I would have would be arsenic in unpolished rice.
Thank you for the post.
How much yogurt do you eat? One sitting, or do you space it throughout the day?
Any recipes?
@Dominic
Further research indicates to me that it is against the rules to deploy pesticides on organic crops.
I do not know what your reference is, but I can assure you that organic farming involves pesticides.
@Carlos
I do not find that the quantity of yogourt is important.
Making yogourt yourself can be easy (just Google it) but what I do precisely is a bit tricky as I use some electronics to monitor the temperature. My recipe is a bit complicated, but I do not think you need something so complicated.
Thank you for an interesting blog. It is probably beneficial to limit consumption of meat. But as you may already know, there is advice and research saying that vegetarian diet, when planned appropriately to provide all necessary nutrients, is sufficient to maintain good health. I think this opens moral questions regarding production of meat.
In the part of the world I live in use of pesticides in organic farming is strictly prohibited. I have never heard of use of the ones mentioned in the Wikipedia article (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_farming), with the exception of elemental sulphur in orchards (see e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur#Fungicide_and_pesticide).
> I also take small doses of aspirin daily. These have the potential to be harmful in many ways, and may cause haemorrhages… but aspirin lowers your risk of certain cancers and protects your heart. I figure that I would rather die from an haemorrhage than cancer or heart attack.
If it makes you feel better, the meta-analyses of the low-dose aspirin RCTs consistently turn in an all-cause mortality RR of 0.95; so while you may be at slightly higher risk of some sort of internal bleeding, the mortality risk from that must be outweighed by less risk of death from other problems – apparently mostly cancer reductions when they break out mortality by subgroup.
(I suppose that the costs of hospitalization and any long-term negative effects might be argued to outweigh the mortality benefit, but I dunno, at 5% causal reduction in mortality, baby aspirin would have to be sending a lot of people to the hospital before I’d want to stop taking it.)
@Peter
It seems like a law that outrights bans pesticide use in organic farming would have far reaching consequences. For example, you could not import organic produce from international markets.
The European regulations certainly do not forbid pesticides in organic farming.
One concern with organic farming is the yield. If the yield is lower, than you need to more land to grow the same food. Typically, if you scale it up and ask how much land would be needed to feed all of us with organic farming, you find out that it is simply not doable. Even in countries where it might be doable, you end up concluding that you will need to take back most land from nature.
Thus, proponents of organic farming have a choice to make. Either they acknowledge that it is an elitist practice will only ever benefit the richest, at the expense of wild plants and animals… Or else they advocate a reduction of the population (by means that they would need to specify).
I should point out that I typically eat organic food. But I acknowledge that only the richest can afford this solution.
What do you think about algae -based foods like soylent which solves the problems of pesticide consumption without needing more land like organic?
I was wondering if 8 years after do you have something similar to an updated version of this post.
I no longer believe that meat is damaging for your health.